1. As it is the basis of a culture, Japanese language is one of the most important things in Japanese culture.
2. A culture and it's building units are founded on meanings. These units generally have titles in the native language or jargon of the culture. In Japan's case, that would be Japanese.
For example, 'bonodori' is the art of festival dancing. However, to somebody who doesn't know the language, it simply is 'bonodori', whereas to one who knows the language knows it as 'bon', or the Obon festival 'odori' which means 'dancing'.
Another example is 'kakikata' or 'writings'. Separately, they are 'kaki' (to write) and 'kata' (a form). Together, the form of writing, better translated into "pieces of writing".
Without language and meaning, these are just words. However, by knowing the etymology, and speaking the language, even if you didn't know what 'kakikata' or 'bonodori' meant, you'd be able to break it down, just like English.
3. For these examples, I mostly just used my own knowledge of Japanese language and connections to English and language form. As far as language being answer, a language is a huge building block in a culture, as well as culture is a building block to language. I will, however cite this website, which profiles the Japanese language. The first paragraph starts off with its importance of learning Japanese, and then continues to dissect parts of it.

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